Trade-Diverting Customs Unions and Welfare-Improvement: A Clarification

Trade-diverting Customs Unions and Welfare Improvement: a Clarification

Free Trade, Customs Unions, and Transfers

All countries would agree to immediate global free trade if countries were compensated for any terms-of-trade losses with transfers from countries whose terms-of-trade improve, and if customs unions were required to have no effects on non-member countries. Global free trade with transfers is in the core of a Kemp-WanGrinols customs union game. (52 words)

Free Trade Agreements versus Customs Unions:

Overlapping bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs) are proliferating in East Asia. Quite a few economists worry about the spaghetti bowl phenomenon expected from the proliferating East Asian regional trade agreements (RTAs).The complicated web of hub-and-spoke type of FTAs can result in high costs for verifying rules of origin (RoO). As an alternative policy option to avoid the negative effect ...

How Trade Unions Increase Welfare

Historically, worker movements have played a crucial role in making workplaces safer. Firms traditionally oppose better health standards. According to our interpretation, workplace safety is costly for firms but increases the average health of workers and thereby the aggregate labour supply. A laissez-faire approach in which firms set safety standards is suboptimal as workers are not fully info...

Free Trade Agreements , Customs Unions , and the Dynamics of Political Influence

This paper analyses the choice between a customs union (CU) and a free trade agreement (FTA) based on the dynamics of political influence induced by the two agreements. An FTA preserves the maximum future discretion a government might have over its trade policy in a trade agreement, but a CU commits the government to a particular external trade policy. For this reason, if government receives an...